Knockout fixture & bye calculator
Find byes, halves, matches and rounds for any knockout tournament — for PE teachers, tournament organisers and CBSE Class 11–12 students.
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Knockout fixture — 11 teams · 5 byes · 10 matches · 4 rounds
TournamentVenueDate
- Total byes
- 5
- teams that do not play Round 1
- Byes in each half
- Upper 2Lower 3
- Teams in each half
- Upper 6Lower 5
- Total matches
- 10
- not including a third-place match
- Total rounds
- 4
- worked out from the textbook illustrations
- Byes go to teams
- 1, 6, 7, 10, 11
- in serial order; the order the byes are given is in the steps below
Add team names
Names fill serial numbers 1 to 11 in order. Without names, the bracket shows Team 1, Team 2…
The textbook places teams by lottery. Shuffle gives the names random serial numbers.
Names stay in this browser only. Nothing is saved or sent.
Match list (text)
Round I
- Team 1 gets a bye
- Match 1: Team 2 vs Team 3
- Match 2: Team 4 vs Team 5
- Team 6 gets a bye
- Team 7 gets a bye
- Match 3: Team 8 vs Team 9
- Team 10 gets a bye
- Team 11 gets a bye
Round II
- Match 4: Team 1 vs Winner of Match 1
- Match 5: Winner of Match 2 vs Team 6
- Match 6: Team 7 vs Winner of Match 3
- Match 7: Team 10 vs Team 11
Semi-final
- Match 8: Winner of Match 4 vs Winner of Match 5
- Match 9: Winner of Match 6 vs Winner of Match 7
Final
- Match 10: Winner of Match 8 vs Winner of Match 9
Match list
| Match no. | Round | Match | Date | Time | Venue |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Round I | Team 2 vs Team 3 | |||
| 2 | Round I | Team 4 vs Team 5 | |||
| 3 | Round I | Team 8 vs Team 9 | |||
| 4 | Round II | Team 1 vs Winner of Match 1 | |||
| 5 | Round II | Winner of Match 2 vs Team 6 | |||
| 6 | Round II | Team 7 vs Winner of Match 3 | |||
| 7 | Round II | Team 10 vs Team 11 | |||
| 8 | Semi-final | Winner of Match 4 vs Winner of Match 5 | |||
| 9 | Semi-final | Winner of Match 6 vs Winner of Match 7 | |||
| 10 | Final | Winner of Match 8 vs Winner of Match 9 |
Byes (no match in Round I): Team 1, Team 6, Team 7, Team 10, Team 11. Total matches = 10.
How this was calculated
Total Number of Matches = Number of teams − 1 (not including third place match)
Total Number of Matches = 11 − 1
= 10
(Number of teams + 1) ÷ 2 = Teams in Upper Half
(11 + 1) ÷ 2
= 6
(Number of teams − 1) ÷ 2 = Teams in Lower Half
(11 − 1) ÷ 2
= 5
Byes = next power of 2 − number of teams participating
Byes = 16 − 11
= 5
Upper Half = (Byes − 1) ÷ 2
Upper Half = (5 − 1) ÷ 2
= 2
Lower Half = (Byes + 1) ÷ 2
Lower Half = (5 + 1) ÷ 2
= 3
First bye to last team of Lower Half, second to first team of Upper Half, third to first team of Lower Half, fourth to last team of Upper Half; same pattern for remaining byes
Byes in order go to teams 11, 1, 7, 6, 10
= 11, 1, 7, 6, 10
Rounds = number of times 2 is multiplied to get the next power of 2
16 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2
= 4
Note: Not a textbook formula — worked out from the textbook illustrations (4 teams → 2 rounds, 8 → 3, 11 → 4)
SourceCBSE Physical Education Class XII, Unit 1 (PDF)
What is a bye?
In a knockout tournament, a team that gets a bye does not play in Round 1 and goes straight to the next round. Byes are needed only when the number of teams is not a power of 2 (2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64). The number of byes = next power of 2 − number of teams; for example, 11 teams → 16 − 11 = 5 byes.
Questions
How do I calculate the number of byes?
Byes = next power of 2 − number of teams. For 11 teams: 16 − 11 = 5 byes. With 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 or 64 teams there are no byes.
How many matches are there in a knockout tournament?
Total number of matches = number of teams − 1, not including a third-place match. For 11 teams: 11 − 1 = 10 matches.
How are teams divided into the upper and lower half?
If the number of teams is even, each half gets number of teams ÷ 2. If it is odd, upper half = (number of teams + 1) ÷ 2 and lower half = (number of teams − 1) ÷ 2. For 11 teams: 6 in the upper half, 5 in the lower half.
How are byes divided between the halves?
If the number of byes is even, each half gets number of byes ÷ 2. If it is odd, upper half = (number of byes − 1) ÷ 2 and lower half = (number of byes + 1) ÷ 2. For 19 teams there are 13 byes: 6 in the upper half, 7 in the lower half.
Which teams get the byes?
The 1st bye goes to the last team of the lower half, the 2nd to the first team of the upper half, the 3rd to the first team of the lower half and the 4th to the last team of the upper half. The remaining byes follow the same pattern, moving inward. Teams with byes do not play Round 1.